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Wastewater comes from water used to wash down incubators, hatchers and chick handling areas.Solid hatchery waste comprises empty shells, infertile eggs, dead embryos, late hatchings and dead chickens and a viscous liquid from eggs and decaying tissue.The material is removed in liquid form and usually spread on the land.The addition of oxygen by the paddles increases the activity of aerobic bacteria, greatly reducing the incidence of any odours.Water is poured into the trough to keep the manure fluid and pumps keep the sludge circulating.Aerobic action produces little odour as the sludge builds up, anaerobic activity takes place and odours may be pronounced.The resulting solution may be spread in its liquid state on farmland.Bacterial growth occurs only during the warm months, the use of ponds is seasonal.Bacterial action reduces the waste material to a smaller volume.Fresh poultry manure may be flushed into an open, shallow pond.Little or no odour arising from the pits and manure removal may be delayed for years.To further the composting process and to prevent odours the pit must be watertight so that seepage water cannot enter.The essential requirement in managing the deep pit is that the fresh, wet material be adequately aerated to remove the moisture.The top foot is composed of fresh manure, the bottom foot is in an anaerobic condition and the central portion is undergoing composting.Economic analysis accounting for capital expenditures, operation and maintenance costs, litter cleanout and transportation, and recoverable sludge/ash value reveal that gasification at a small scale (100 kW) and medium scale (1 MW) is potentially economically viable compared to anaerobic digestion and combustion.Electricity production facilities estimated assuming poultry litter utilization rates of 1000 tons/year, 10,000 tons/year, and 50,000 tons/year for various technologies range from 34–70 kW, 340–700 kW, and 1.7–3.5 MW, respectively.

The technology for anaerobic conversion of poultry manure to biogas (methane) has been developed.Poultry litter has a good calorific value for power generation by combustion under controlled conditions.Biogas / Electricity generation from poultry litter Increase the number and diversity of soil microorganisms.ĭ.Improve soil retention and uptake of plant nutrients.Improve lateral water movement, improves irrigation efficiency and decreases drought.

Poultry manure applications increase the moisture holding capacity of the soil.

The maximum temperature was reportedly attained in 4-8 days.

Deep stacking of poultry waste produces considerable heat and had been shown to destroy coliforms.

The faster the manure is dried, the higher is the nitrogen value.

Thin bed drying prevents the breeding of flies, reduces obnoxious odours and maintains the nutrient value of the manure particles.

Drying the manure with heat results in loss of energy and nitrogen.

Dried under sunlight and depends on lengths of time, climate and humidity.

Cage layer waste – Excreta collected under the cages, spilled feed and feathers.

Poultry litter – Waste from deep litter systems.

Two main types of waste are produced by poultry enterprises depending on the rearing system adopted on the farm Slaughter house and processing plant waste Veterinary University Training and Research Centre,Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS) 7/2, Kozhi Pannai Road, Kottapattu, Trichy – 620 023 -Tamil Naduģ.